2011年10月1日 星期六

Android在標準linux基礎上對休眠喚醒的實現(一)(轉貼)


說明:
1. Based on linux 2.6.32 and android 2.2only support SDR(mem).
2.參考文章:


一、新增特性介紹

實際上,android仍然是利用了標準linux的休眠喚醒系統,只不過添加了一些使用上的新特性,early suspendlate resumewake lock

Early suspend -這個機制定義了在suspend的早期,關閉顯示屏的時候,一些和顯示屏相關的設備,比如背光、重力感應器和触摸屏等設備都應該被關掉,但是此時系統可能還有持有wake lock的任務在運行,如音樂播放,電話,或者掃描sd卡上的文件等,這個時候整個系統還不能進入真正睡眠,直到所有的wake lock都被釋放。在嵌入式設備中,背光是一個很大的電源消耗,所有android加入了這種機制。

Late resume -這個機制定義了在resume的後期,也就是喚醒源已經將處理器喚醒,標準linux的喚醒流程已經走完了,在android上層系統識別出這個物理上的喚醒源是上層定義的,那麼上層將會發出late resume的命令給下層,這個時候將會調用相關設備註冊的late resume回調函數。

Wake lock - wakelockandroid的電源管理系統中扮演一個核心的角色,wakelock是一種鎖的機制,只要有task拿著這個鎖,系統就無法進入休眠,可以被用戶態進程和內核線程獲得。這個鎖可以是有time-out的或者是沒有time-out, 具有time-out的wake_lock會在時間過去以後自動解鎖。如果沒有鎖了或者超時了,內核就會啟動標準linux的那套休眠機制機制來進入休眠。

二、 kernel層源碼解析- early suspendlate resume實現
相關源碼:
kernel/ke​​rnel/power/main.c
kernel/ke​​rnel/power/earlysuspend.c
kernel/ke​​rnel/power/wakelock.c
kernel/ke​​rnel/power/userwakelock.c
kernel/ke​​rnel/power/suspend.c

之前標準的linuxsysfs的接口只需要一個state就夠了,現在至少需要3個接口文件:statewake_lockwake_unlock。現在為了配合android為休眠喚醒添加的幾種新特性,可以填入文件state的模式又多了一種:on,標準android系統中只支持stateonmem模式,其餘的暫不支持。wake_lockwake_unlock接口對應的讀寫函數在文件userwakelock.c中,對wakelock.c中的create wakelock或者release wakelock進行了封裝,供用戶空間來使用。

如果上層用戶執行:echo xxx(on or mem) > sys/power/state的話,將會調用到如下函數:
static ssize_t state_store (struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
const char *buf, size_t n)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SUSPEND // set
#ifdef CONFIG_EARLYSUSPEND    //set
       suspend_state_t state = PM_SUSPEND_ON;    // for early suspend and late resume
#else
       suspend_state_t state = PM_SUSPEND_STANDBY;
#endif
       const char * const *s;
#endif
       char *p;
       int len​​;
       int error = -EINVAL;

       p = memchr(buf, '/n', n);
       len = p ? p - buf : n;

       /* First, check if we are requested to hibernate */
       if (len == 4 && ! ​​strncmp(buf, "disk", len) ) {
              error = hibernate(); //  檢查是否要求進入disk省電模式,暫時不支持
  goto Exit;
       }

#ifdef CONFIG_SUSPEND         // def
       for (s = &pm_states[state]; state < PM_SUSPEND_MAX; s++, state++) {
              if (*s && len == strlen(*s) && !strncmp(buf, *s, len))
                     break;
       }
       if (state < PM_SUSPEND_MAX && *s)
#ifdef CONFIG_EARLYSUSPEND
              if ( state == PM_SUSPEND_ON || valid_state(state) ) {
//需要經過平台pm.c文件定義的模式支持檢查函數,mtk只支持mem,同時如果是android發送出來的late resume命令(on),這裡也會放行,往下執行
                     error = 0;
                     request_suspend_state(state) ;      // android休眠喚醒的路線
              }
#else
              error = enter_state(state) ; //標準linux休眠喚醒的路線
#endif
#endif

 Exit:
       return error ? error : n;
}

@ kernel/ke​​rnel/power/earlysuspend.c
enum {
       DEBUG_USER_STATE = 1U << 0,
       DEBUG_SUSPEND = 1U << 2,
};
int Earlysuspend_debug_mask = DEBUG_USER_STATE;
module_param_named(Earlysuspend_debug_mask, Earlysuspend_debug_mask, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP);

static DEFINE_MUTEX(early_suspend_lock);
static LIST_HEAD(early_suspend_handlers);
static void early_sys_sync(struct work_struct *work);
static void early_suspend(struct work_struct *work);
static void late_resume(struct work_struct *work);
static DECLARE_WORK(early_sys_sync_work, early_sys_sync);
static DECLARE_WORK(early_suspend_work, early_suspend);
static DECLARE_WORK(late_resume_work, late_resume);
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(state_lock);
enum {
       SUSPEND_REQUESTED = 0x1,
       SUSPENDED = 0x2,
       SUSPEND_REQUESTED_AND_SUSPENDED = SUSPEND_REQUESTED | SUSPENDED,
};
static int state;              //初始化為0

static DECLARE_COMPLETION(fb_drv_ready);

void request_suspend_state (suspend_state_t new_state)
{
       unsigned long irqflags;
       int old_sleep;

       spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags);
       old_sleep = state & SUSPEND_REQUESTED; // state = 1 or 3
// state的值會在0->1->3->2->0循環變化,後面分析代碼都可以看出這些值代表系統目前處於什麼階段,簡單得說就是:正常->準備進early suspend ->開始early suspend並且對名為mainwakelock解鎖,如果此時沒有其餘wakelock處於lock狀態,那麼系統就走linux的休眠喚醒路線讓整個系統真正休眠,直到喚醒源發生,然後將處理器和linux層喚醒。之後android層判斷本次底層醒來是由於我所定義的喚醒源引起的嗎?如果不是,android將不予理會,過段時間沒有wakelock鎖,系統會再次走linux的休眠路線進入休眠。如果是,那麼android上層就會寫一個on的指令到state接口中,同樣是會調用到函數request_suspend_state() -> 準備執行late resume ->開始執行late resume,之後整個系統就這樣被喚醒了。
       if (Earlysuspend_debug_mask & DEBUG_USER_STATE) {
              struct timespec ts; //        打印出debug信息
              struct rtc_time tm;
              getnstimeofday(&ts);
              rtc_time_to_tm(ts.tv_sec, &tm);
              pr_info("[request_suspend_state]: %s (%d->%d) at %lld "
                     "(%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d.%09lu UTC)/n",
                     new_state != PM_SUSPEND_ON ? "sleep" : "wakeup",
                     requested_suspend_state , new_state ,
                     ktime_to_ns(k​​time_get()),
                     tm.tm_year + 1900, tm.tm_mon + 1, tm.tm_mday,
                     tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min, tm.tm_sec, ts.tv_nsec);
       }
// eg: [request_suspend_state]: sleep (0->3) at 97985478409 (2010-01-03 09:52:59.637902305 UTC) 這裡對時間的獲取和處理,在其他地方可以參考
       // ready to enter earlysuspend
       if ( !old_sleep && new_state != PM_SUSPEND_ON ) { // susepnd會進入這裡
              state |= SUSPEND_REQUESTED; // state = 1   
              pr_info("[request_suspend_state]:
sys_sync_work_queue early_sys_sync_work/n");
              queue_work(sys_sync_work_queue, &early_sys_sync_work);
              pr_info("[request_suspend_state]: suspend_work_queue early_suspend_work/n");
              queue_work(suspend_work_queue, &early_suspend_work);
//wakelocks_init()函數(wakelock.c)中會創建這兩個工作隊列和工作者線程來專門負責處理sys_syncearly suspend的工作。關於工作隊列的詳情參考我工作隊列的文章
       }
       // ready to enter lateresume
       else if ( old_sleep && new_state == PM_SUSPEND_ON ) {
              state &= ~SUSPEND_REQUESTED; // state = 2
              wake_lock(&main_wake_lock);          //main wakelock上鎖
              pr_info("[request_suspend_state]: suspend_work_queue late_resume_work/n" );
              if ( queue_work(suspend_work_queue, &late_resume_work) ) {
//提交late resume的工作項
            //
            //   In order to synchronize the backlight turn on timing,
            //   block the thread and wait for fb driver late_resume()
                  //   callback function is completed
                  //
            wait_for_completion(&fb_drv_ready);     
//等待完成量fb_drv_ready,他會在late resume結束之後完成
        }
       }
       requested_suspend_state = new_state;     
//存儲本次休眠或者是喚醒的狀態,供下次休眠或者喚醒使用
       spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags);
}

在系統suspend的時候提交的兩個工作項會陸續被執行到,那麼下面就來看一下執行early suspend的關鍵函數。
static void early_sys_sync (struct work_struct *work)
{
       wake_lock(&sys_sync_wake_lock);
       printk("[sys_sync work] start/n");
       sys_sync() ;    //同步文件系統
       printk("[sys_sync wrok] done/n");
       wake_unlock(&sys_sync_wake_lock);
}

static void early_suspend (struct work_struct *work)
{
       struct early_suspend *pos;
       unsigned long irqflags;
       int abort = 0;

       mutex_lock(&early_suspend_lock);
       spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags);
       if ( state == SUSPEND_REQUESTED )
              state |= SUSPENDED; // state = 3
       else
              abort = 1;
       spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags);

       if (abort) { // suspend     中止退出
              if (Earlysuspend_debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
                     pr_info("[early_suspend]: abort, state %d/n", state);
              mutex_unlock(&early_suspend_lock);
              goto abort;
       }

       if (Earlysuspend_debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
              pr_info("[early_suspend]: call handlers/n");
       list_for_each_entry(pos, &early_suspend_handlers, link) {
              if (pos->suspend != NULL)
                     pos->suspend(pos);
       }
//函數register_early_suspend()會將每一個early suspend項以優先級大小註冊到鍊錶early_suspend_handlers中,這裡就是一次取出,然後執行對應的early suspend回調函數
       mutex_unlock(&early_suspend_lock);

       // Remove sys_sync from early_suspend,
       // and use work queue to complete sys_sync

abort:
       spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags);
       if (state == SUSPEND_REQUESTED_AND_SUSPENDED)
       {
              pr_info("[early_suspend]: wake_unlock(main)/n");
              wake_unlock(&main_wake_lock);
// main wakelock解鎖。看到這裡,好像系統執行了early suspend之後就沒有往下執行標準linuxsuspend流程了,其實不是,android的做法是,不是你執行完了early suspend  的回調就可以馬上走標準linuxsuspend流程,而是會檢查還有沒有wakelock被持有,如果所有wakelock全是解鎖狀態,那麼就會執行標準linuxsuspend步驟。
}
       spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags);
}

static void late_resume (struct work_struct *work)
{
       struct early_suspend *pos;
       unsigned long irqflags;
       int abort = 0;
    int completed = 0;

       mutex_lock(&early_suspend_lock);
       spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags);

    // return back from suspend
       if ( state == SUSPENDED )
              state &= ~SUSPENDED ; // state = 0   
       else
              abort = 1;
       spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags);

       if (abort) {
              if (Earlysuspend_debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
                     pr_info("[late_resume]: abort, state %d/n", state);
              goto abort;
       }
       if (Earlysuspend_debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
              pr_info("[late_resume]: call handlers/n");
       list_for_each_entry_reverse(pos, &early_suspend_handlers, link)
    {
        if (!completed && pos->level < EARLY_SUSPEND_LEVEL_DISABLE_FB) {
            complete(&fb_drv_ready);
            completed = 1;
        }
              if (pos->resume != NULL)
                     pos->resume(pos);
    }
//以和early suspend的逆序執行鍊錶early_suspend_handlers上的late resume回調函數
if (Earlysuspend_debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
              pr_info("[late_resume]: done/n");
abort:
    if (!completed)
        complete(&fb_drv_ready); //   設置完成量ok
     mutex_unlock(&early_suspend_lock);
}

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